0903号强热带风暴“莲花”的非对称结构对路径的影响     

叶宾宾  王咏青  李小龙  蓝秋萍  林中鹏 《广东气象》2011,33(3):7-10

利用2009年6月18 ～22日的1°×1°NCEP(美国环境预报中心)再分析资料和TBB（相当黑体亮温）资料等,分析“莲花”的环境场和结构对路径的影响.结果表明:19日11:00 ～20日14:00,“莲花”移动方向与引导气流方向有一定的偏离,这段时间里,“莲花”向偏北方向移动的主要原因是,“莲花”的低层风场存在较明...  相似文献   

一次强烈雹暴的多普勒天气雷达资料分析   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

王丛梅  景华  王福侠  王丽荣 《气象科学》2011,31(5):659-665

利用石家庄多普勒天气雷达资料和常规探测资料,对2008年5月17日发生在河北南部的强烈雹暴的生成环境和动力机制以及发展演变特征进行了分析。内蒙古东部冷涡后部的冷空气和低层暖湿气流在河北中南部交汇,导致这个地区上空的层结不稳定,低层的暖切变和地面的东风辐合线为触发系统。高低空急流、不稳定层结、强垂直风切变为强烈雹暴的发生提供了有利的环境条件。强烈雹暴的多普勒天气雷达观测特征表现为一个次超级单体的发展移动过程,呈现回波悬垂和弱回波区特征,强回波核区反射率因子达到73 dBz,三体散射现象明显,对应径向速度图表现为弱中气旋,旋转速度为15 m/s。次超级单体右移特征明显,沿承载层平均风方向偏右侧移动。风暴相对螺旋度(Srh)大值与强雹暴的产生密切相关,0.3～2.1 km的Srh正值出现以及2.1～6.1 km的Srh减小随后迅速增加对冰雹的预报有很好的指示意义。  相似文献   

一次区域暴雨天气过程分析     

叶树春  周武  蔡晶 《广东气象》2011,33(6):8-12

利用常规气象观测资料、1°×1°NCEP/NCAR的再分析资料等,对2009年4 月 24 ～25日广东出现的一次区域暴雨过程进行诊断分析,结果表明:高层辐散、高空槽过境与低层低涡东移耦合,冷空气和西南暖湿气流在广东中心部地区交汇,形成明显的气旋性辐合,促进了强降水的发展;弱冷空气入侵触发了此次降水过程,而低空西南急流...  相似文献   

庐山地区不同海拔高度降水雨滴谱特征分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

张昊  濮江平  李靖  顾锦荣 《气象与减灾研究》2011,34(2):43-50

利用2010年7月30日架设在庐山的0TT-Parsivel激光雨滴谱仪收集的一次对流云降水雨滴谱资料,对不同海拔高度的降水微物理参量进行比较分析,以探讨降水微物理特征在垂直高度上的差异.结果表明,庐山地区夏季对流性降水,具有时间短、强度大的特点,数浓度、雨强和含水量等微物理参量值普遍较大,雨滴最大直径约为10mm.降...  相似文献   

2010年浙南地区一次暴雨过程诊断分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

曹楚  王忠东 《气象与环境科学》2011,34(4):46-51

利用常规观测资料、中尺度自动站加密资料、多普勒雷达资料和NCEP1°×1°再兮析资料．对2010年5周8曲日发生在浙南的一次暴雨过程进行了诊断分析,结果发现：此次暴雨是在横槽转竖的大背景下,西风槽和高原槽东移合并加强,并在东移过程中与低层切变共同作用造成的;低空急流的形成在水汽的输送和聚集过程中发挥了重要作用;暴雨过程...  相似文献   

On the Significance and Use of the Generalized Moist Potential Vorticity Equation          下载免费PDF全文

FU Shen-Ming  SUN Jian-Hua 《大气和海洋科学快报》2011,4(3):131-135

In this paper,the continuity and thermodynamic equations including moisture forcings were derived.Using these two equations and the basic momentum equation of local Cartesian coordinates,the budget equation of generalized moist potential vorticity(GMPV) was derived.The GMPV equation is a good generalization of the Ertel potential vorticity(PV) and moist potential vorticity(MPV) equations.The GMPV equation is conserved under adiabatic,frictionless,barotropic,or saturated atmospheric conditions,and it is closely associated with the horizontal frontogenesis and stability of the real atmosphere.A real case study indicates that term diabatic heating could be a useful diagnostic tool for heavy rainfall events.  相似文献   

The Possible Mechanism of a Type of Vortex Heavy Rainfall during the Pre-Rainy Season in South China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

LI Bo  LIU Li-Ping  ZHAO Si-Xiong 《大气和海洋科学快报》2011,4(5):247-252

In this paper,NCEP reanalysis data,intensive observation data collected from field experiment,model simulation data,and topographic trial data are fully analyzed to study a severe heavy rainfall event during 5 6 June 2008 in South China.Unlike most warm region rainfall cases,this one is associated with an obvious vortex system,which draws in water vapor and energy from the southwest monsoon surges ahead of a low trough above the Bengal Bay (BLT,Bengal Low Trough).At the lower troposphere,three currents,especially the southwest current and the east current,converge into the southeast of the vortex.Thus,the distributions of strong vorticity,water vapor,and ascending motion cause frequently occurrence and growth of convection there.The possible reasons for this rainfall event are summarized as a conceptual model.  相似文献   

Implementation of a second‐order paraxial boundary condition for a water‐saturated layered half‐space in plane strain     

John L. Tassoulas 《地震工程与结构动力学》2011,40(5):531-550

A half‐space finite element and a transmitting boundary are developed for a water‐saturated layered half‐space using a paraxial boundary condition. The exact dynamic stiffness of a half‐space in plane strain is derived and a second‐order paraxial approximation of the stiffness is obtained. A half‐space finite element and a transmitting boundary are then formulated. The development is verified by comparison of the dynamic stiffness of impermeable and permeable rigid strip foundations with other published results. The advantage of using the paraxial boundary condition in comparison with the rigid boundary condition is examined. It is shown that the paraxial boundary condition offers significant gain and the resulting half‐space finite element and transmitting boundary can represent the effects of a water‐saturated layered half‐space with good accuracy and efficiency. In addition, the numerical method described herein maintains the strengths and advantages of the finite element method and can be easily applied to demanding problems of soil–structure interaction in a water‐saturated layered half‐space. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Strong ground motion record selection for the reliable prediction of the mean seismic collapse capacity of a structure group     

Mohsen Ghafory‐Ashtiany  Mehdi Mousavi  Alireza Azarbakht 《地震工程与结构动力学》2011,40(6):691-708

How to select a limited number of strong ground motion records (SGMRs) is an important challenge for the seismic collapse capacity assessment of structures. The collapse capacity is considered as the ground motion intensity measure corresponding to the drift‐related dynamic instability in the structural system. The goal of this paper is to select, from a general set of SGMRs, a small number of subsets such that each can be used for the reliable prediction of the mean collapse capacity of a particular group of structures, i.e. of single degree‐of‐freedom systems with a typical behaviour range. In order to achieve this goal, multivariate statistical analysis is first applied, to determine what degree of similarity exists between each selected small subset and the general set of SGMRs. Principal Component analysis is applied to identify the best way to group structures, resulting in a minimum number of SGMRs in a proposed subset. The structures were classified into six groups, and for each group a subset of eight SGMRs has been proposed. The methodology has been validated by analysing a first‐mode‐dominated three‐storey‐reinforced concrete structure by means of the proposed subsets, as well as the general set of SGMRs. The results of this analysis show that the mean seismic collapse capacity can be predicted by the proposed subsets with less dispersion than by the recently developed improved approach, which is based on scaling the response spectra of the records to match the conditional mean spectrum. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Shear strength of compacted soil: effects on splash erosion by single water drops   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

L. Mouzai  M. Bouhadef 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2011,36(1):87-96

The persistence of soil compaction, caused by farmers' vehicles (tractors wheelings) during the dry season, can affect splash distribution and soil erosion so that surface flow starts at an earlier stage than between the wheelings. To investigate the effects of soil compaction on splash distribution, a dry clayey agricultural soil was compacted in steel cups with a hydraulic piston, and the shear strength was measured with a fall‐cone penetrometer. Two cups were compacted in the same manner, using one to measure the shear strength and the second for splash erosion measurements. A laboratory splash board of 1 m radius, divided into 13 concentric compartments, was used to collect the splashed particles. The water drop diameter used was 4·9 mm falling onto a soil splash cup of 50·2 cm² area from 8 m height with a terminal velocity of 8·8 m s^?1. The spatial distribution of the splashed particles, for different soil compactions, fitted the fundamental splash distribution function (FSDF) model better than the exponential function. The shapes of the curves of this function demonstrated the importance of the source area size; the smaller the cup diameter the better the spatial distribution is expressed by an exponential function. In addition, variability in soil surface conditions contributes to variation in splash characteristics. Detachment rates and average radial distance followed second degree relationships in terms of shear strength. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献